A.M. Turing, in the now-famous paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, 1950 posed the question "Can machines think?", and proposed the Imitation Game as a replacement for his ambiguous question.
The Imitation Game calls for a male and a female to talk by text to an interrogator who must decide which is female, then for a machine and a human of either sex to take their places, and for the interrogator to decide which is human.
"Will the interrogator decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does when the game is played between a man and a woman?" (A.M. Turing, 1950).
Most interpretations of the Imitation Game now play just human against machine, and it has come to be known as the Turing Test. No machine is yet known to have passed the Test in any formal process.
The Loebner Prize is a competition enacting the Turing Test.
Our AI jabberwacky, in the guise of the character George, won the prize for the 'most human program' in 2005.
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